英语没有单一的将来时。will、be going to、现在进行时、一般现在时，以及 will 的进行形式和完成形式，各自对未来的事件表达不同的信息：是何时决定的，是已经安排好还是按时刻表进行，以及在某个时刻是正在进行还是已经完成。
阅读英文版指南 → 本页为机器翻译，未经母语者审校，可能有不准确之处。以英文版为准。
诊断结果会告诉你哪个部分需要复习。请点击下面对应的部分。
一个将来，多种形式
选择哪种形式，取决于你想说明这件事的什么，而不是它离现在有多远。
| 你想表达的意思 | 形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 此刻做出的决定、主动提议、承诺 | will | It’s dark in here. I’ll turn on the light. |
| 之前就已决定的计划 | be going to | I’m going to repaint my bedroom this summer. |
| 根据眼前证据做出的预测 | be going to | The battery is at 2 percent. My phone is going to die. |
| 根据个人看法做出的预测 | will | I think the price of coffee will go up. |
| 个人安排 | 现在进行时 | We’re having a video call with the client at ten. |
| 时刻表或正式日程 | 一般现在时 | The exam starts at 9:30 on Tuesday. |
| 马上就要发生的事 | be about to | Quiet, please. The speech is about to begin. |
| 在未来某一时刻正在进行 | will be + -ing | At noon tomorrow, I’ll be sitting in a job interview. |
| 在未来某一时刻之前已经完成 | will have + 过去分词 | By Monday, the office will have moved to the new building. |
| 持续到未来某一时刻的时间长度 | will have been + -ing | By August, he’ll have been training for a year. |
常见的简化说法是“will 用于事实，be going to 用于计划”，但这只是简化：两种形式都可以做预测，也都可以表示意图。更可靠的判断方法是：在说话的那一刻，决定或证据是否已经存在。
进行、完成与完成进行
这三种形式都着眼于同一个将来时刻。区别在于动作与那个时刻的关系。
不真实的将来
如果将来取决于不太可能或想象中的条件（If I won the scholarship, I would study abroad），请看第二类条件句。 条件句指南（英文） →
可能的将来
对于可能但不确定的将来（It might rain later, She may be late），使用情态动词。 情态动词指南（英文） →
shall 主要用于提议和建议（Shall I open the window? Shall we start?），以及正式或法律文体。在日常陈述中，通常用 will。
will 还是 be going to
你是刚刚决定的，还是之前决定的？预测是基于证据，还是基于看法？
规则： 说话时做出的决定、主动提议、承诺，以及基于看法的预测，用 will。之前已经定好的计划，以及基于眼前证据的预测，用 be going to。
决定是什么时候做出的？
| 语境中的线索 | 形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 对刚听到或看到的事情作出反应 | will | A: The bin is full. B: I’ll take it out. |
| 主动提议或承诺 | will | I’ll send you the notes tonight. I won’t tell anyone. |
| 之前已经决定、购买、预订或承诺 | be going to | I’ve downloaded the app. I’m going to learn Italian. |
预测的依据是什么？
| 依据 | 形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在看得到或已知的事情 | be going to | He’s running very fast on ice. He’s going to slip. |
| 看法，常与 I think, probably, I’m sure, I expect 连用 | will | I expect the meeting will be short. |
两者都可以时
很多预测两种形式都可以用（It will rain later / It’s going to rain later）。区别在决定上最明显：说话之前已做的决定用 will 会显得别扭，说话时才做的决定用 be going to 也会显得别扭。
这一部分的常见错误
- 对当场做出的决定用了 be going to
A: The printer's jammed. B: I'm going to fix it.✓ A: The printer's jammed. B: I'll fix it.B 一听到问题就当场做了决定。 - 对早先制订的计划用了 will
I bought a guitar last week because I'll learn to play.✓ I bought a guitar last week because I'm going to learn to play.买吉他之前，这个打算就已经存在了。 - 用一般现在时表示计划或预测
Look at him. He falls off that ladder!✓ Look at him. He's going to fall off that ladder!眼前的证据可以预测摔倒；一般现在时做不到这一点。
安排、时刻表和 be about to
是已预订、有时刻表，还是马上要发生？故事发生在过去吗？
规则： 个人安排用现在进行时，时刻表用一般现在时，接下来几个瞬间内的事用 be about to，过去的故事中用 was going to 或 was about to。
| 含义 | 形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 个人安排（已商定、已预订） | 现在进行时 | I’m having my hair cut on Saturday. |
| 时刻表、节目安排、营业时间 | 一般现在时 | The next ferry departs at 4:20. |
| 马上，转眼之间 | be about to | Turn off your phone. The plane is about to take off. |
| 站在过去看到的计划 | was / were going to | We were going to eat outside, but it rained. |
| 过去某件事发生之前的一刻 | was / were about to | I was about to leave when my boss called. |
用一般现在时表示个人计划
用一般现在时说个人计划（I study tonight），听起来像是世界上一件固定的事实，而不是一个打算。请用 be going to 或现在进行时。有些商务和旅行行程确实会用一般现在时（We fly to Osaka on Monday），因为它们读起来像日程表。
about to 指多近的将来？
be about to 通常指几秒钟或几分钟之后。在口语中它可以放宽到“很快”，但不能与明确的较远时间（如 next month 或 next year）连用。
这一部分的常见错误
- 用一般现在时表示计划或预测
I play tennis with Leo tomorrow at six.✓ I'm playing tennis with Leo tomorrow at six.已商定并有确定时间的计划，用现在进行时。 - be about to 与较远的时间连用
My cousin is about to get married in October.✓ My cousin is getting married in October.十月不属于“转眼之间”。 - 在过去的故事中用了现在时形式
He said he is going to call, but he never did.✓ He said he was going to call, but he never did.这个计划是站在过去的某个时间点来看的。
时间状语从句
空格在 when、until 或 as soon as 之后，还是在主句中？
规则： 在 when、before、after、until、once、as soon as 和 by the time 之后，用现在时形式（一般现在时或现在完成时）表示将来。will 放在主句中。
语法回顾
if 也遵循同样的规律：If it rains, we will stay inside（不是 If it will rain）。第一类条件句以及 unless 等连接词，在条件句指南中有完整介绍。 条件句指南（英文） →
后面用现在时形式的时间词
空格在哪个分句中？
| 时间状语从句 | 主句 |
|---|---|
| As soon as the parcel arrives, | I‘ll let you know. |
| Until the bridge reopens, | drivers will need a detour. |
| Once you‘ve paid, | you‘ll get a receipt by email. |
时间状语从句可以放在前面，也可以放在后面。规则取决于动词位于哪个分句，而不是分句的顺序。
这一部分的常见错误
- 在 when、until 或 as soon as 之后用 will
We'll start as soon as everyone will arrive.✓ We'll start as soon as everyone arrives.as soon as 之后，动词保持现在时。 - 需要将来形式的地方用了现在时形式
Once the box office opens, I buy the tickets.✓ Once the box office opens, I'll buy the tickets.主句需要 will。 - 在 when、until 或 as soon as 之后用 will
I won't leave until I will have finished.✓ I won't leave until I've finished.时间状语从句中不用 will，即使是完成时也一样。
正在进行还是已经完成？
在那个将来时刻，动作是仍在进行，还是已经完成？
规则： will be + -ing 表示在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。will have + 过去分词表示在那之前已经完成。状态动词保持简单形式。
| 问题 | 形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 在那一刻还在发生吗？ | will be + -ing | When the guests arrive, we’ll still be cooking. |
| 到那一刻已经完成了吗？ | will have + 过去分词 | When the guests arrive, we’ll have finished cooking. |
| 状态动词（know, be, own, need）？ | will + 动词原形 | By tonight, we’ll know the answer. |
线索
进行中：this time tomorrow, at that moment, when you arrive, all afternoon。已完成：by, by the time, already, before。
礼貌的提问
Will you be using the car tonight? 是在询问对方的计划，不会像请求。Will you use the car? 则可能听起来像是在请求对方去做这件事。
这一部分的常见错误
- 需要进行形式的地方用了单纯的 will
At 3 a.m., most of the city will sleep.✓ At 3 a.m., most of the city will be sleeping.在那一刻，睡觉这个动作正在进行。 - 混淆了进行与完成
By the time we get there, the show will be starting already.✓ By the time we get there, the show will have started already.by the time 和 already 都指向完成。 - 状态动词用了进行形式
Tomorrow you will be understanding the plan better.✓ Tomorrow you will understand the plan better.understand 是状态动词。
持续到未来某一时刻的时间长度
你是在衡量时间长度，还是在数数量？
规则： will have been + -ing 表示持续到将来某一时刻已有多长时间。表示数量、状态动词以及被动语态时，用 will have + 过去分词。
| 问题 | 形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 到那一刻已持续多长时间？ | will have been + -ing | By June, I’ll have been teaching for twenty years. |
| 到那一刻已完成多少？ | will have + 过去分词 | By June, I’ll have taught over 3,000 classes. |
| 状态动词 | will have + 过去分词 | By June, I’ll have had this job for twenty years. |
| 被动语态 | will have been + 过去分词 | By June, the old school will have been demolished. |
三个部分
将来完成进行时在 -ing 形式前有三个助手：will + have + been。漏掉 been（will have working）是常见的失误。
否定句和疑问句也可以用（How long will you have been living here?），但这种形式最常见于陈述句。
这一部分的常见错误
- 缺少 been 的 will have + -ing
In May, we will have dating for two years.✓ In May, we will have been dating for two years.表示持续时间需要 will have been + -ing。 - 对已完成事物的数量用了进行形式
By noon, I will have been answering 50 emails.✓ By noon, I will have answered 50 emails.50 封邮件是已完成事物的数量。 - 对将来时间点用了现在完成时
Next year, he has worked here for a decade.✓ Next year, he will have worked here for a decade.next year 是一个将来时间点，所以需要 will。
自测
每个句子正确吗？点击查看答案。如果你不确定，可以根据部分标签找到应该复习的地方。
第 1 部分Oh no, I've spilled my coffee! Don't worry, I'll get a cloth.
正确。 说话当时做出的决定用 will。
第 1 部分I've decided. I'm going to take the job in Chicago.
正确。 决定是在说话之前做出的，所以用 be going to。
第 2 部分The festival opens on Friday at noon.
正确。 正式日程用一般现在时。
第 2 部分I'm about to move to a new city next spring.
错误。 about to 表示“马上”。应说：I’m going to move（或 I’m moving）to a new city next spring.
第 3 部分I'll send you the photos when I will get home.
错误。 when 之后用现在时：I’ll send you the photos when I get home.
第 3 部分Once you've tried this recipe, you'll never buy the store version again.
正确。 once 从句用现在完成时，主句用 will。
第 4 部分When you call at nine, I'll be driving to work.
正确。 你打电话的时候，开车这个动作正在进行。
第 4 部分By the end of the week, the painters will be finishing the whole house.
错误。 by the end of the week 指向完成：the painters will have finished the whole house.
第 5 部分By 2028, she will have been living abroad for a decade.
正确。 持续到将来时间点的时间长度，用 will have been + -ing。
第 5 部分By Sunday, I will have been reading four books.
错误。 四本书是数量：By Sunday, I will have read four books.
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