修饰语是改变或补充另一个词含义的词，通常是副词或形容词。它们可以让描述更强、更弱、更精确或更委婉。本主题有三个部分讲 选择 合适的修饰语，两个部分讲 形式和语序。本指南分为五个部分，与诊断测试的五个部分完全对应。
阅读英文版指南 → 本页为机器翻译，未经母语者审校，可能有不准确之处。以英文版为准。
诊断结果会告诉你哪个部分需要复习。点击下方对应的部分。
核心概念：修饰语修饰的是什么？
合适的修饰语取决于它所修饰的词。同一个词在一个地方正确，在另一个地方就可能错误。
| 被修饰的词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 可分级形容词 | very, really, quite, extremely | very tired |
| 极端形容词 | absolutely, completely, totally | absolutely perfect |
| 比较级 | much, far, a little, even | much friendlier |
| 最高级 | by far, easily（放在 the 前面） | by far the best |
| 动词 | really, a lot, very much | really like, like it a lot |
- 1
修饰语修饰的是什么？ 形容词、比较、动词，还是名词。
- 2
哪个修饰语适合这个词？ 可分级形容词用 very，极端形容词用 absolutely，比较级用 much，动词用 really（第 1 到 3 部分）。
- 3
形式和位置对吗？ 要用副词而不是形容词，而且不能放在动词和宾语之间。so 还是 such，hard 还是 hardly（第 4 和第 5 部分）。
修饰语可以让表达更强、更弱、更精确或更委婉。第 1 到 3 部分讲选词，第 4 和第 5 部分讲形式和语序。
very、absolutely 还是 too？
这个形容词可以分级，本身已经是极端意义，还是表示超出你想要的程度？
规则： 可分级形容词用 very（very cold），极端形容词用 absolutely（absolutely freezing）。too 表示超出你想要的程度。enough 放在形容词后面。
程度可以更高或更低，还是本身已经是极端？
| 可分级 | 极端（不可分级） |
|---|---|
| cold, hot, tired, happy, sad, angry, big, small, interesting, boring, nice, difficult, tall, funny | freezing, boiling, exhausted, thrilled, furious, enormous, fascinating, terrifying, perfect, impossible, starving, spotless, tiny |
可分级：very
It is very cold today.
I am so tired.
He is fairly confident.
极端：absolutely
That is an absolutely perfect answer.
I am completely exhausted.
That idea is utterly ridiculous.
really 两类都可以修饰：really cold, really freezing。在美式英语中，quite 通常表示 very；在英式英语中，它常常表示 fairly。
too、very 和 enough
| 单词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| very | 程度强，常用于称赞 | The cake is very good. |
| too | 超出你想要的程度，表示有问题 | The tea is too hot to drink. |
| adjective + enough | 达到你需要的程度 | Is the room big enough for ten people? |
| enough + noun | 数量达到你需要的程度 | We have enough chairs. |
很多学习者用 too 表示 very，因为韩语的 너무 或中文的 太 两种意思都有。在英语中，too good 或 too delicious 听起来像是在说问题，而不是称赞。
本部分常见错误
- 把 too 当作称赞
Your new haircut looks too nice!✓ Your new haircut looks really nice!too 表示超出你想要的程度，所以听起来像是在抱怨。 - very 修饰不可分级形容词
By midnight we were very starving.✓ By midnight we were absolutely starving.starving 本身已经是极端意义。 - enough 位置错误
Is the printer enough fast for the whole office?✓ Is the printer fast enough for the whole office?enough 放在形容词后面。
更多：否定句中的可分级形容词
在否定句中，英语常常把修饰语说得委婉一些： It’s not very warm outside. I’m not particularly hungry. That was not exactly thrilling.
比较级和最高级
是两者之间的比较，还是一者与其他所有的比较？
规则： 比较级前用 much、far、a lot、a little 或 even，不用 very 或 so，也不要在 -er 形式前再加 more。在 the + 最高级前用 by far 或 easily。very 放在 the 后面：the very best。
比较级
| 修饰语 | 差别 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| much, a lot, far | 大 | The train is much faster than the bus. |
| a little, slightly, a bit | 小 | My room is slightly bigger than yours. |
| even | 出乎意料 | The sequel is even better than the first film. |
用 -er 或 more，不要两个都用：much easier，不是 more easier。better 和 worse 本身就是比较级，所以前面从不加 more。
最高级
| 修饰语 | 位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| by far, easily | 在 the 前面 | It is by far the oldest building in town. |
| very | 在 the 后面 | This is the very best seat in the theater. |
| possibly | 在 the 前面，语气更谨慎 | This is possibly the cheapest flight this month. |
两者比较用比较级，三者或以上用最高级：the taller of the two, the tallest in the class。
本部分常见错误
- very 或 so 修饰比较级
The second hotel was very nicer.✓ The second hotel was much nicer.very 不能修饰比较级。 - 重复使用比较级或最高级
My grades are more better this year.✓ My grades are much better this year.better 本身就是比较级。 - very 放在最高级的 the 前面
It was very the longest meeting of my life.✓ It was by far the longest meeting of my life.very 放在 the 后面，而不是前面。
更多：very much 修饰比较级
单独的 very 不能修饰比较级，但 very much 可以，尤其是在英式英语中： She feels very much better today.
动词和自然搭配
这个修饰语是和动词连用，还是和一个有固定搭配的词连用？
规则： very 不能修饰动词：要说 really like 或 like it very much。很多修饰语有固定搭配：highly recommended, strongly agree, deeply regret。
very 不放在动词前面
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| really + verb | I really like this song. |
| verb + object + a lot or very much | I like this song a lot. I like it very much. |
| much + prefer | I much prefer tea to coffee. |
| 有固定搭配的动词 | totally agree, strongly disagree, deeply regret, greatly appreciate |
中文的 很 可以放在 喜欢 (like) 这样的动词前面，所以学习者常写成 very like。在英语中，very 不能这样用。
自然搭配
| 自然 | 避免 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| highly recommended | 强烈推荐 | |
| highly skilled | 非常能干 | |
| well known | 很多人都知道 | |
| widely regarded | 普遍认为 | |
| deeply grateful | 由衷感谢 | |
| strongly opposed | 坚决反对 | |
| bitterly cold | 非常冷 |
语气和语域
| 修饰语 | 语域 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| so, really, pretty | 口语 | I’m so happy you came! |
| fairly, rather, somewhat | 中性或正式 | The results were fairly encouraging. |
| extremely, incredibly | 中性但语气强 | She worked incredibly hard. |
| highly, deeply, greatly | 正式或书面 | I am deeply concerned. |
本部分常见错误
- very 放在动词前面
I very miss my family.✓ I really miss my family.very 不能修饰动词。 - 不自然的修饰语搭配
I highly agree with the new rules.✓ I strongly agree with the new rules.agree 与 strongly 或 totally 搭配。 - 把 too 当作称赞
I too much love this show.✓ I really love this show.too much 不能用来表示 very。
副词的形式和位置
它描述的是动词还是形容词？宾语在哪里？
规则： 描述动词或形容词要用副词（speak clearly, incredibly quiet）。副词放在形容词前面，放在动词和宾语后面，而不是两者之间。
形容词还是副词？
| 形容词 | 副词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| clear, careful, quick | clearly, carefully, quickly | She drives carefully. |
| good | well | He sings well. |
| fast, hard, late | fast, hard, late (no -ly) | They arrived late. |
hardly 和 lately 是不同的词：hardly 表示几乎不，lately 表示最近。在随意的口语中，有些人会说 real good 或 drive safe，但书面语要用副词。
位置
| 它修饰 | 位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 形容词或副词 | 紧挨在它前面 | She is extremely talented. He drove incredibly fast. |
| 带宾语的动词 | 在宾语后面 | He plays the piano well. |
| 动词（really, completely, hardly） | 通常在主要动词前面 | I completely forgot her birthday. |
正确说法
She speaks English very well.
I completely forgot her birthday.
He drove incredibly fast.
错误说法
She speaks very well English.I forgot completely her birthday.He drove incredible fast.
本部分常见错误
- 该用副词却用了形容词
She finished the exercise very quick.✓ She finished the exercise very quickly.quickly 描述动词 finished。 - 副词放在动词和宾语之间
My sister speaks fluently three languages.✓ My sister speaks three languages fluently.把副词放在宾语后面。 - 该用副词却用了形容词
Our new printer works very good.✓ Our new printer works very well.well 是 good 的副词。
so、such 和 hardly
so 还是 such？hard 还是 hardly？
规则： so + 形容词，such (a) + 形容词 + 名词，so much 或 so many + 名词。hard 表示努力地。hardly 表示几乎不，所以不要再加 not。
so 和 such
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| so + adjective or adverb | The lake was so calm that we could see the bottom. |
| so much + uncountable noun, so many + plural noun | There was so much food that we took some home. |
| such a + adjective + singular noun | It was such a long flight. |
| such + adjective + plural or uncountable noun | They are such good friends. We had such bad luck. |
表示带 that 的结果时，用 so 或 such，不用 too：so tired that，不是 too tired that。在正式英语中，也可以用 so + 形容词 + a + 名词：so good a teacher。
hard、hardly 和其他否定修饰语
| 单词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| hard | 很努力地 | She studies hard. |
| hardly | 几乎不 | She hardly studies. |
| barely, scarcely | 几乎不，勉强 | We barely caught the train. |
| hardly ever | 几乎从不 | I hardly ever drive. |
hardly、barely 和 scarcely 本身已经是否定意义，所以不要再加 not。在正式书面语中，hardly 可以放在句首并倒装，后接 when：Hardly had the meeting started when the power went out。No sooner 则用 than。
本部分常见错误
- 混淆 so 和 such
We had so fun at the party.✓ We had so much fun at the party.fun 是名词，所以要用 so much fun 或 such fun。 - 混淆 hard 和 hardly
Everyone on the team worked hardly to finish on time.✓ Everyone on the team worked hard to finish on time.hard 表示努力地。hardly 表示几乎不。 - 在 hardly、barely 或 scarcely 上再加否定词
I can't hardly wait for the holidays.✓ I can hardly wait for the holidays.hardly 本身已经是否定意义。
自我检测
每个句子都正确吗？点击查看答案。如果你不确定，部分标签会告诉你该看哪里。
第 1 部分The water is too cold for swimming today.
正确。 too 表示有问题：水比你想要的更冷。
第 1 部分The final exam was very impossible.
错误。 The final exam was completely impossible. impossible 是不可分级形容词。
第 2 部分This laptop is a lot lighter than my old one.
正确。 a lot 和比较级连用，表示差别很大。
第 2 部分Anna is the most kindest person I know.
错误。 Anna is the kindest person I know. kindest 本身已经是最高级。
第 3 部分I very enjoyed your presentation.
错误。 I really enjoyed your presentation. very 不能修饰动词。
第 3 部分The chef is highly skilled.
正确。 highly skilled 是自然搭配。
第 4 部分He drives very carefully at night.
正确。 carefully 描述 drives，very 放在 carefully 前面。
第 4 部分She plays beautiful the violin.
错误。 She plays the violin beautifully. 要用副词，并把它放在宾语后面。
第 5 部分It was such a boring lecture that I left early.
正确。 such a 放在形容词 + 单数名词前面。
第 5 部分She works hardly every day.
错误。 She works hard every day. hardly 表示几乎不。
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