The present perfect connects the past to the present: an action happened at an unclear time but still matters now, or a situation started in the past and continues now. Two parts of this unit are about the form and about periods linked to now, one is about choosing based on finished time, and two cover signal words and other details. This guide has five parts, and they match the five parts of the diagnostic exactly.
关于本指南: 现在完成时
现在完成时把过去和现在联系起来：一个动作发生在过去某个不明确的时间，但仍然影响着现在，或者一个情况始于过去并持续到现在。一个部分讲形式，一个部分讲 for、since 和 how long，一个部分讲在现在完成时和一般过去时之间做选择，一个部分讲 already、yet、ever 这类信号词，一个部分讲 been 与 gone 及进行形式。本指南分为五个部分，与诊断测试的五个部分完全对应。
你可以先做诊断测验，看看这个主题的哪些部分需要复习，也可以直接进入练习活动，其中包含复习幻灯片。
本指南本身为英文。这些翻译只是额外提供的便利，可能不够完美。
このガイドについて: 現在完了形
現在完了形は過去と現在を結びつけます。動作が過去のはっきりしない時点に起きて今も影響しているか、状況が過去に始まって今も続いています。1 つのパートは形、1 つは for、since、how long、1 つは現在完了形と単純過去のどちらを選ぶか、1 つは already、yet、ever のようなシグナル語、1 つは been と gone、そして進行形を扱います。このガイドは 5 つのパートで、診断テストの 5 つのパートと完全に対応しています。
まず診断テストを受けて、このテーマのどの部分を復習すべきか確認することもできますし、復習スライドを含む練習アクティビティにそのまま進むこともできます。
このガイド自体は英語です。これらの翻訳は補助として提供しているもので、完全とは限りません。
이 가이드 소개: 현재완료
현재완료는 과거와 현재를 연결합니다. 동작이 과거의 불분명한 시점에 일어났지만 여전히 현재에 영향을 주거나, 상황이 과거에 시작되어 지금도 계속됩니다. 한 영역은 형태, 한 영역은 for, since, how long, 한 영역은 현재완료와 단순과거 중 선택, 한 영역은 already, yet, ever 같은 신호어, 한 영역은 been과 gone, 그리고 진행형을 다룹니다. 이 가이드는 다섯 부분으로 되어 있으며, 진단 테스트의 다섯 부분과 정확히 일치합니다.
먼저 진단 퀴즈로 이 주제에서 복습이 필요한 부분을 확인해도 되고, 복습 슬라이드가 포함된 연습 활동으로 바로 들어가도 됩니다.
가이드 자체는 영어로 되어 있습니다. 이 번역은 부가적으로 제공되는 것이며 완벽하지 않을 수 있습니다.
Giới thiệu hướng dẫn này: Hiện tại hoàn thành
Hiện tại hoàn thành nối quá khứ với hiện tại: một hành động xảy ra ở thời điểm không rõ trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại, hoặc một tình huống bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn tiếp diễn. Một phần nói về hình thức, một phần về for, since và how long, một phần về việc chọn giữa hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn, một phần về từ tín hiệu như already, yet và ever, và một phần về been và gone cùng dạng tiếp diễn. Hướng dẫn này gồm năm phần, khớp chính xác với năm phần của bài kiểm tra chẩn đoán.
Bạn có thể bắt đầu bằng bài kiểm tra chẩn đoán để biết phần nào cần ôn lại, hoặc vào thẳng các hoạt động luyện tập, trong đó có cả slide ôn tập.
Đọc hướng dẫn bằng tiếng Việt →
Bản hướng dẫn này được viết bằng tiếng Anh. Các bản dịch chỉ là phần hỗ trợ thêm và có thể chưa hoàn hảo.
इस गाइड के बारे में: Present perfect
Present perfect अतीत को वर्तमान से जोड़ता है: कोई क्रिया अतीत के किसी अस्पष्ट समय पर हुई पर अभी भी मायने रखती है, या कोई स्थिति अतीत में शुरू होकर अब तक जारी है। एक भाग रूप के बारे में है, एक for, since और how long के बारे में, एक present perfect और simple past के बीच चुनाव के बारे में, एक already, yet, ever जैसे संकेत शब्दों के बारे में, और एक been और gone तथा continuous रूप के बारे में है। इस गाइड के पाँच भाग हैं, जो निदान परीक्षा के पाँच भागों से ठीक मेल खाते हैं।
आप निदान क्विज़ से शुरू करके जान सकते हैं कि इस विषय के कौन-से भाग दोहराने चाहिए, या सीधे अभ्यास गतिविधियों में जा सकते हैं, जिनमें दोहराव की स्लाइडें भी हैं।
गाइड स्वयं अंग्रेज़ी में है। ये अनुवाद अतिरिक्त सुविधा के रूप में हैं और पूरी तरह सटीक न भी हों।
نبذة عن هذا الدليل: المضارع التام
يربط المضارع التام الماضي بالحاضر: فعل حدث في وقت غير محدد من الماضي لكنه لا يزال مهمًا الآن، أو حالة بدأت في الماضي وما زالت مستمرة. جزء عن الصيغة، وجزء عن for وsince وhow long، وجزء عن الاختيار بين المضارع التام والماضي البسيط، وجزء عن كلمات دالة مثل already وyet وever، وجزء عن been وgone والصيغة المستمرة. يتكون هذا الدليل من خمسة أجزاء تطابق تمامًا الأجزاء الخمسة في الاختبار التشخيصي.
يمكنك البدء بالاختبار التشخيصي لمعرفة الأجزاء التي تحتاج إلى مراجعة، أو الانتقال مباشرة إلى أنشطة التدريب، وتشمل شرائح مراجعة.
الدليل نفسه بالإنجليزية. هذه الترجمات مجرد خدمة إضافية وقد لا تكون دقيقة تمامًا.
Об этом руководстве: Present perfect
Present perfect связывает прошлое с настоящим: действие произошло в неопределённый момент прошлого, но всё ещё важно сейчас, или ситуация началась в прошлом и продолжается сейчас. Одна часть посвящена форме, одна — for, since и how long, одна — выбору между present perfect и past simple, одна — словам-сигналам вроде already, yet и ever, и одна — been и gone и продолженной форме. В этом руководстве пять частей, и они точно соответствуют пяти частям диагностического теста.
Можно начать с диагностического теста, чтобы узнать, какие части темы стоит повторить, или сразу перейти к упражнениям, в которые входят слайды для повторения.
Читать руководство на русском →
Само руководство написано на английском. Эти переводы — дополнительная помощь, и они могут быть неидеальными.
Acerca de esta guía: Presente perfecto
El present perfect conecta el pasado con el presente: una acción ocurrió en un momento impreciso del pasado pero todavía importa ahora, o una situación empezó en el pasado y sigue ahora. Una parte trata de la forma, una de for, since y how long, una de elegir entre el present perfect y el pasado simple, una de palabras señal como already, yet y ever, y una de been frente a gone y la forma continua. Esta guía tiene cinco partes, y coinciden exactamente con las cinco partes del diagnóstico.
Puedes empezar con el cuestionario de diagnóstico para saber qué partes del tema conviene repasar, o ir directamente a las actividades de práctica, que incluyen diapositivas de repaso.
La guía en sí está en inglés. Estas traducciones son un añadido de cortesía y pueden no ser perfectas.
À propos de ce guide: Present perfect
Le present perfect relie le passé au présent : une action s'est produite à un moment imprécis du passé mais compte encore maintenant, ou une situation a commencé dans le passé et continue maintenant. Une partie porte sur la forme, une sur for, since et how long, une sur le choix entre le present perfect et le prétérit, une sur des mots indicateurs comme already, yet et ever, et une sur been ou gone et la forme progressive. Ce guide comporte cinq parties, qui correspondent exactement aux cinq parties du diagnostic.
Vous pouvez commencer par le quiz de diagnostic pour savoir quelles parties du sujet réviser, ou passer directement aux activités d'entraînement, qui comprennent des diapositives de révision.
Le guide lui-même est en anglais. Ces traductions sont un complément offert et peuvent ne pas être parfaites.
Sobre este guia: Present perfect
O present perfect liga o passado ao presente: uma ação aconteceu em um momento não definido do passado, mas ainda importa agora, ou uma situação começou no passado e continua agora. Uma parte trata da forma, uma de for, since e how long, uma da escolha entre o present perfect e o passado simples, uma de palavras sinalizadoras como already, yet e ever, e uma de been versus gone e da forma contínua. Este guia tem cinco partes, que correspondem exatamente às cinco partes do teste diagnóstico.
Você pode começar pelo teste diagnóstico para ver quais partes do tema precisam de revisão, ou ir direto para as atividades de prática, que incluem slides de revisão.
O guia em si está em inglês. Estas traduções são um recurso extra e podem não ser perfeitas.
Your diagnostic result says which part needs review. Tap that part below.
The core idea: a line from the past to now
Picture a line connecting a past action or situation to the present moment. If that line is unbroken, the present perfect is usually the right choice.
| Use | Example |
|---|---|
| life experience | She has run two marathons. |
| situation that continues now | I have worked here since March 2024. |
| change up to now | The town has grown since the new line opened. |
| unfinished time period | I have had three coffees today. |
- 1
Is the time finished, or does it still connect to now? A stated, finished time such as yesterday takes the simple past. An open connection takes the present perfect (Part 3).
- 2
Did it start in the past and continue now? Use the present perfect with for or since, not the present simple (Part 2).
- 3
Does a signal word or a detail change the form? Already, yet, ever, never, been, gone, or the continuous form (Parts 4 and 5).
Part 1 is about the form itself: have or has plus the past participle.
Form and past participles
Have or has? Which past participle? Form comes first.
The rule: The present perfect is have or has plus the past participle. Negatives use haven't or hasn't, and questions put have or has first.
have/has + past participle
| Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I, you, we, they | have + participle | I have finished my homework. |
| he, she, it | has + participle | She has visited Japan twice. |
Check the real subject: everyone, somebody, and the number of are singular (has); the prices of and a few students are plural (have).
Irregular participles
| Base | Simple past | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone |
| see | saw | seen |
| do | did | done |
| write | wrote | written |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| take | took | taken |
| sing | sang | sung |
| buy | bought | bought |
Negatives and questions
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| negative | I haven’t finished yet. She hasn’t called. |
| question | Have you ever been to Paris? Has he arrived? |
Common errors in this part
- have or has used incorrectly
My parents has moved to Ulsan.✓ My parents have moved to Ulsan.My parents is they, so it takes have. - the wrong past participle
I have forgot her name.✓ I have forgotten her name.Forget becomes forgotten in the participle. - present perfect used with a finished time
Did they ever eaten here?✓ Have they ever eaten here?The participle eaten needs have, not did.
For, since, and how long
Did it start in the past and continue now? For, since, or how long?
The rule: Use the present perfect for a situation that started in the past and continues now, not the present simple. For goes with a length of time; since goes with a starting point.
For or since?
| Word | Followed by | Example |
|---|---|---|
| for | a length of time | for three weeks, for ages, for a long time |
| since | a starting point (a day, a year, an event) | since Monday, since 2019, since I was a child |
Not the present simple
| Wrong | Right |
|---|---|
| I know him for ten years. | I have known him for ten years. |
| How long do you work here? | How long have you worked here? |
| I am in this class since March. | I have been in this class since March. |
Many languages, including Korean, Chinese, and Japanese, use a present or past form here. English needs the present perfect when the period continues up to now. For with the simple past describes a finished period: I lived in Busan for two years (I don’t live there now).
Common errors in this part
- for and since confused
I have lived here since three years.✓ I have lived here for three years.Three years is a length of time, so it takes for. - present simple used where the present perfect is needed
I work here since March.✓ I have worked here since March.The situation started in March and continues now. - present simple used where the present perfect is needed
How long do you know Sara?✓ How long have you known Sara?How long asks about a period up to now.
Present perfect or simple past?
Is the time finished, or does it still connect to now?
The rule: A finished, stated time (yesterday, in 2019, ago, a question with when) takes the simple past. No stated time, a period up to now (since, so far), or a first time takes the present perfect.
Finished time, or open connection?
| Form | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| simple past | a specific, finished time | I saw him yesterday. |
| present perfect | no specific time, or a connection to now | I have seen him before. |
Signal words
| Simple past | Present perfect |
|---|---|
| yesterday, last week, in 2019, ago, when? | ever, never, since, so far, up to now, recently |
After it is the first time (or the second time), use the present perfect: It’s the first time I have seen snow. This week or this month can take either tense, depending on whether the period has ended.
Common errors in this part
- present perfect used with a finished time
I have graduated in 2022.✓ I graduated in 2022.In 2022 is a specific, finished time. - present perfect used with a finished time
When have you started the job?✓ When did you start the job?When asks about a specific time. - present simple used where the present perfect is needed
It's the first time I see the ocean.✓ It's the first time I have seen the ocean.After it is the first time, use the present perfect.
More: American English
In American English, the simple past is also common with just, already, and yet: I just ate. Did you finish yet? Both forms are correct there. The present perfect is still needed with since, so far, and for a period that continues now.
Already, yet, just, ever, and never
Already, yet, just, ever, or never: where does each one go?
The rule: Already and just usually go between have and the participle; yet usually goes at the end of negatives and questions. Ever is used in questions and after superlatives; never means at no time up to now.
Where each word goes
| Word | Position | Example |
|---|---|---|
| already | between have and the participle, positive sentences | I have already finished. |
| yet | end of negatives and questions | I haven’t finished yet. Have you finished yet? |
| just | between have and the participle | She has just left. |
| still | before haven’t or hasn’t | I still haven’t replied. |
| ever | in questions, and after superlatives | Have you ever been to Paris? The best pizza I have ever had. |
| never | between have and the participle, meaning at no time | I have never tried sushi. |
| so far | often at the end, meaning up to now | We have finished three tasks so far. |
After a negative word such as nobody, use ever, not never: Nobody has ever complained.
Common errors in this part
- the wrong signal word for the position or meaning
I have ever seen that movie.✓ I have seen that movie. / I have never seen that movie.Ever is not used in a positive statement. - the wrong signal word for the position or meaning
I have finished yet my homework.✓ I have already finished my homework. / I haven't finished my homework yet.Yet goes at the end of negatives and questions.
More: formal patterns
Have yet to plus a verb means have not done it up to now: I have yet to meet him. In formal writing, never can start a sentence, and then have or has comes before the subject: Never have I seen such a crowd.
Been, gone, and the continuous form
Been or gone? Simple or continuous? The detail decides the meaning.
The rule: Been to means went and came back; gone to means still away. The continuous form stresses an ongoing activity, but state verbs and counts of finished things take the simple form.
Been vs. gone
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| been to | went and returned | I have been to Rome twice. |
| gone to | still there, or on the way | She’s not here. She has gone to the store. |
In American English, have gone is also used for repeated visits (I’ve gone there many times). The difference always matters when someone is away now.
Present perfect continuous
| Form | Emphasizes | Example |
|---|---|---|
| present perfect | completion, result, a count | I have written three emails. |
| present perfect continuous | the ongoing activity | I have been writing emails all morning. |
State verbs such as know, own, belong, believe, and have (meaning possess) do not take the continuous form: I have known her for years, not have been knowing.
Common errors in this part
- been and gone confused
Mark has been to lunch; he'll be back at one.✓ Mark has gone to lunch; he'll be back at one.Gone to means he is still away. - present perfect vs present perfect continuous
We have been owning this car for years.✓ We have owned this car for years.Own is a state verb and does not take the continuous form.
Self-check
Is each sentence correct? Tap to see the answer. The part label tells you where to look if you were not sure.
Part 1My friends has arrived.
Incorrect. My friends have arrived. My friends is they, so it takes have.
Part 1Have you ever flown a kite?
Correct. Fly becomes flown in the participle.
Part 2I have taught English for twelve years.
Correct. For goes with a length of time, and the situation continues now.
Part 2She is here since noon.
Incorrect. She has been here since noon. The situation started at noon and continues now.
Part 3I have bought this jacket two days ago.
Incorrect. I bought this jacket two days ago. Ago marks a finished time.
Part 3So far, I have read two of her novels.
Correct. So far means up to now.
Part 4I have never ridden a camel.
Correct. Never goes between have and the participle.
Part 4I have finished already my essay.
Incorrect. I have already finished my essay. Already goes between have and the participle.
Part 5Kate has gone to Spain, so she isn't here.
Correct. Gone to means she is still away.
Part 5I have been believing in ghosts since I was little.
Incorrect. I have believed in ghosts since I was little. Believe is a state verb.
AI practice prompt
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